The Influence of Art on Common People

The Influence of Art on Common People Art is a medium of self-expression; it can also be a challenge that intimidates people. Art can influence common people in many ways: â€Å"It could be a source of inspiration for people with hidden artistic skill; it could ignite the passion to create something of beauty; it could unblock fears and insecurities,† wrote author Molly Prather in her article, â€Å"How does art influence people? † Or it could easily be ignored. Dr. Margarita Cole, an art appreciation instructor at HCC, defines common people as those who are not exposed to art or those who are not familiar with visiting museums.This includes people who consider art alien. She talked about the influence of art on common people saying, â€Å"Some people ignore art or consider it weird. Others ask themselves what is this for? Many of them do not find answer. But for some people who find in art an answer, it is a discovery. † Sharon Hendry, a graphic designer, artist and HCC instructor, has another point of view: â€Å"Artists have two main objectives when they do art: One is to put something in a visual format to express a message; and second is that they use art as a medium of communication. Art can communicate without words,† she added.Common people are affected by art in different ways. Hendry said, â€Å"People react when they look at an artwork filtering their emotions through their personal experiences, their personal history. † â€Å"The way people are affected by art,† Dr. Cole said, â€Å"depends a lot on their upbringing — the amount of exposure to art that they have and what is their conception of beauty. † Art is a medium of communication and it can have a deep impact, or be very tenuous. â€Å"If we are open to art, we can take advantage of it; if we are closed to it, there is no way,† Dr. Cole commented. She added, â€Å"Deep (art’s communication) as you allow it to go.If you allo w yourself to feel the soul of the artist you are going deep. † Hendry made an example about communication â€Å"When you text a message in your cell phone, you are trying to communicate with somebody. The other person could receive or deny your message. If the person that you are trying to communicate with sends you a response, you are establishing communication. The only way that an artist knows if his artwork communicates a message is when he receives feedback,† she added. Some people are reluctant to engage with art maybe because they do not want to allow a communication with it.Dr. Cole talked about a case: â€Å"A student came to me after class and told me about a collage assignment; he was trying to work on it but it was very difficult to do and he could not finish it. Actually, he was not scared about the work otherwise; he was showing his insecurity to do the task. We can put people in front of a challenge and some will say: ‘Okay let’s do it. â⠂¬â„¢ Others will react the opposite way, refusing to do it when in fact, they are reacting to their fears. † â€Å"Art can serve as inspiration to awaken the imagination, talent and skill hiding in someone.It can unlock your fears and insecurities about creating,† Prather wrote. Hendry corroborated this, saying, â€Å"This is why art is important to me in my life. All those thing —inspires creativity, discovers hidden talent and unlocks fears and insecurities — have helped me and helped my students. † Anna Reyner, an art therapist, wrote the article â€Å"Art Influences Learning† in which she said, â€Å"Much has been written about how art enhances creativity, imagination, and self-esteem, but far less is said about how art encourages cognition, critical thinking, and learning. † She mentions the U.S. Secretary of Education report, â€Å"The Value Added Benefits of the Arts,† which states, â€Å"Studies have shown that arts te aching and learning can increase student’s cognitive and social development. The arts can be the link for students in developing the crucial thinking skills and motivations they need to achieve at higher levels. † In the same article Reyner wrote, â€Å"Our current education system places great emphasis on academic development. As a result, arts programs are being reduced or even eliminated from classrooms to accommodate more didactic teaching methods. Broadly speaking, are common people aware at the importance of art as a part of children’s education? Dr. Cole opined, â€Å"If they are not exposed to art, they are not going to be able to do anything. † Dr. Cole said, â€Å"My students have to go to museums as a part of the class requirements, but a lot of them are not interested and are reluctant to do the assignment. If you are not exposed to art, it is likely the next generation will not be exposed to art either. † â€Å"Politics is more advoca tes trying to make money,† Hendry commented. Consequently, art is not a priority in the line of their funding. † Art is present in everyday routines in many ways. Many people are aware of it while others are not; still others are indifferent. Promoting the benefits of art could be a difficult task. â€Å"To promote art,† Dr. Cole said, â€Å"we have to expose people to art, encourage them to visit museums, and also educate gallery personnel to bring friendly treatment. Some people go to museums and get out angry because of the bad treatment by the personnel.Educating gallery personnel is very important if you want to promote art. † â€Å"Parents have to encourage children to be involved in art,† Hendry commented, â€Å"but many times they are very busy or they do not know how beneficial art is on their children’s educational process. † â€Å"Children learn best when both sides of their brains are stimulated,† writer Kevin Crocket t said in the online article â€Å"How Art Influences Childhood-Development? † â€Å"This occurs when the learning environment is both participatory and interactive.The modern classroom does have a participatory side but it is sorely lacking in interactivity. Drawing and art is one of the best ways to bring interactivity into your child’s life. † â€Å"Art has to be included in the raising of child,† Dr. Cole stressed. â€Å"It is very important to encourage trips to museums, developing child interaction with artworks. † â€Å"Do not under estimate the importance of creativity, the ability to think abstractly (out of the box). The best thinkers, inventors, and entrepreneurs of our time have a healthy dose of right brain influence,† wrote Crockett.

Fruitful Vacation

Holiday, A time everyone gets hyped up over, parents planning activities for the family to spend quality time with all the family members together. A holiday, I would never forget is a fruitful one which I have experienced last year with my entire family in the foahmulak beach. That is my loving grandfather’s island. That was the very first time I got a chance to visit there. We visited there on 27th of December 2012. By coincidence a great thing happened. That day was grandfather’s birthday. We were unaware of his birthday, but I heard my grandma was wishing him. At the moment my tongue was sticking out. I told my mum and dad about this great news. My parents decided to go for a picnic on the beach. It’s around nine o’clock; we went there in a pickup. We laughed, enjoyed a lot when we were in the pickup. Finally we arrived to the beach. I was totally lost in the scenic views that I forgot to blink my eyes when I saw the beach. Sea looked extremely beautiful. We bought some junk foods, fruits and grandfather’s birthday cake to eat. When I played in the beach it was relaxing for me. We played volley ball, hide and seek in the woods. Around five something we all went to sea to swim. My grandfather and grandmother were enjoying a lot. At last we all gave a surprise to grandpa. He cuts the cake, and we gave lots of gifts to him. Finally around seven we reached our home. This was remarkable day. Next day I visited all the family and friends houses. I had a great time. I have lifetime worth memories which I have spent with my family. It was the most amazing and spectacular experience of my life.My holiday was exciting and full of joy. I enjoyed it immensely.

Case Note Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Case Note - Essay Example Job characteristics theory is a working design with a set of principles for job enriching in organizations. Job characteristics theory has five major aspects of address including motivation, satisfaction, performance, absenteeism, and turnover. The scenario at DrainFlow in which employee dissatisfaction is a common occurrence, the employees should be given incentives as motivation for every good performance and an encouragement to other employees to work harder. Additionally, the duties of the order processors and the billing agents need to merge to ensure that customer issues are addressed from a single department. Such would prevent employee dissatisfaction from customer complaints. Indeed, Reynaldo has little clue on the implementation of cash reward system. In the current scenario at DrainFlow, proves very tedious for the implementation of the system considering that different departments handle customers at different levels and, therefore determining which employee to reward would be ideally a tough task. In order for effective implementation of the cash reward system, it is significantly important that all the departments operate from a common command center. In such a setting, a customer will deal with a particular employee from the time the customer submits a plumbing problem, sending of a plumber, and making payments all occur from a common pull. Such a way would ensure an easy track of the best-performing employees and worthy of a reward. Financial incentives are indeed a better way of rewarding best-performing employees for the success of an organization. The advantages associated with financial incentives includes increased performance among employees as a means of getting the financial incentives and recognizing of employee priorities and work on the areas of under-performance. Financial incentives also have its disadvantages such as the genesis of division among employees, especially

Armenia Needs Humvees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Armenia Needs Humvees - Essay Example However, this process was not finalised until December 25, 1991. It is also a member of NATO and the UN. As it is in the limits between Europe and Asia, it shares features with both. Due to this strategic geographical location, it is within the sphere of influence of the US and Russia. The Republic covers an area of 29,800 km2 and has a population of more than 3 million inhabitants of which 97.7% are Armenian, 1.3% are Yazidi Kurds and 0.5% are Russians. In 2005 the Gross Domestic Product, or GDP, was 14.17 billion dollars (circa 4,270 dollars per capita), situating it in the 127th position of the list supplied by the International Monetary Fund, just above countries like Iceland, Jamaica or Brunei [1]. Armenia is a poorly industrialized country, with a manufacturing sector that represents circa 30% of the GNI. A total of 40% of the work force is employed in industry and the building sector. In terms of production, the most successful areas are mining (the extraction and refining of minerals such as gold, copper, silver or zinc) and manufacture, with the production of machinery and synthetic rubber at the forefront. It is a complex but beautiful language [2], which shows influences from Hindu, Persian, Arabic, Greek and Latin. It also incorporates expressions and words from English, Russian or French. Interestingly, Armenian has remained virtually unchanged since it was first used more than 1,500 years ago. Armenian alphabet is truly unique. It was designed by Mesrop Mashtots at the beginning of the 5th century. Due to the uncertainties of those years, it was received as a divine gift, as an intellectual tool in the fight against fanaticism. Until that point, any documents in the Armenian language had been written by "borrowing" the Greek alphabet. Armenians soon started using the new alphabet to translate, for example, philosophical, scientific or religious documents, which has allowed them to safeguard their identity during successive invasions and thus avoid the loss of their traditions and customs. 1.3. Culture Armenia is an interesting tourist destination. In total, on the territory of Armenia there are 10 natural lakes, 15 rivers and 5 canyons. Natural attractions include the hot springs of Jermuk and Arzni, where one can take a bath immersed in medicinal mineral water; the beautiful Lake Sevan, where one can relax on its shores or practice water sports; the spectacular waterfall of Shaki; the forests of Dilijan, Gugark or Bjurakan; and the caves and cliffs of the Southeast of the country, all locations of great natural beauty. One of the symbols of Armenia is the Mount Ararat, which at 5,265 m high can be seen from many locations in the Southwest of the country. Yerevan, the capital of

Matrixes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Matrixes - Essay Example SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. SWOT analysis is a tool used for auditing the organization and its environment (Marketingteacher.com, 2011.) It is a very popular and useful tool for developing strategic management decision because it is simple and easy to use. In SWOT, strengths and weaknesses are considered as internal factors while opportunities and threats are external. This also gives the reason why SWOT analysis is sometimes called the Internal-External analysis (Mindtools.com, 2011). This is done with the help of the SWOT matrix where in the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for the organization are considered. By looking at the strengths of the organization, the possible areas for comparison with the competitors maybe discovered and this will also present the weaknesses that the organization possesses. Useful opportunities may come from looking at the strengths and trying to eliminate the weaknesses of the organization. Threats are the external factors that serve as obstacles that organization may face. SWOT analysis may help the organization in its strategic management decisions as it uncover opportunities where it is well placed to exploit and by understanding the weaknesses, threats can be managed and eliminated.

In What, After All, Does Happiness Consist for Aristotle Is He Right Essay

In What, After All, Does Happiness Consist for Aristotle Is He Right - Essay Example In other words, moral virtue, however it is attained, will bring happiness. He divides goods into three classes, A person who loves justice, or virtue will find pleasure in carrying out just or virtuous acts. Thus a virtuous person will find happiness in both himself and in acting upon his own goodness, and then be happy. Aristotle further explains that such happiness needs 'external goods' because a person must be equipped with certain other ingredients to perform noble acts. He cites friends, political power and wealth, which can be used to achieve this happiness, and includes certain aspects which might be described as living a 'charmed life' in modern terms. Having noble birth, beauty, good children and so on, all help to enable a person to live well, (think virtuous thoughts, do good acts) and so make a person happy. The inference then is that if someone is ugly, childless, poor or lonely, they have little chance of happiness. be in. However, he does believe that to study and become of good character is the preferred method, leading to noble acts, complete virtue and a complete life. Aristotle acknowledges that changes encountered throughout life might overturn the happiness but concludes that the virtuous activities of man are the most long lasting and permanent, for by thinking virtuously and acting so, he is truly good, and by inference, and in fact, happy. Such a person, described in Chapter 10, will be able to take what life throws at him, handle it because of his 'nobility and greatness of soul' (Bk. 1 Chp. 10, 350BC), always be happy, even in the afterlife. In Chapter 11 he says 'the blessed dead will not be affected by good or bad fortunes of those left behind, their happy state is preserved' (Bk. 1 Chp 11, 350BC). (He considered that what happens to the living impinges on the dead). The hypothesis here would seem to be that thinking good thoughts, doing noble and virtuous acts, staying happy, secure in the knowledge that one is thinking well and living well, makes for happiness, in this life and the next. The soul, being the rational aspect of a human being, will ensure obedience and the production of such virtue will result. His non-evolutionary concept of the universe, (nature is as it is) and how man exists within it, made his ethics fit well with the teachings of the Catholic Church and later, with Christianity as a whole. Serious challenges only arose with the Enlightenment of the 18th Century and the ideas preceding it during the 17th. From Galileo to Darwin, and many others, overturned his views, suffering at the hands of religious leaders in the process. Now, in the 21st Century, surrounded by the knowledge of man's physical, psychological and scientific

Mcdonalds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mcdonalds - Essay Example It is one of the most well known and reputed brand and holds a leading share in the globally branded quick service restaurant segment of the informal eating out in virtually every country where they have a presence. It has achieved this distinction through efficiency in its operations and proper functioning. Approximately 70% of McDonalds restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by independent local men and women (Wikipedia). McDonald’s offers flexible menus with different tastes and different sizes to fit every active lifestyle. It has a global presence with successful expansion into 120 countries and they serve nearly 54 million customers each day. By 2001, they had 30,093 restaurants all over the world with sales of $24 billion. They offer both counter service and drive through service. McDonald’s follows a different business model from other fast food chains. In addition to the franchisee fees, supplies and a percentage of sales, they also collect rents partially linked to sales. Their international operations are very significant to them because a sizeable portion of revenue is generated through franchisees. While the US and Europe each account for 35% of the revenues, France, Germany and the UK collectively account for 60% of the total revenue (Orji, 2005). In Australia, China and Japan, they have 50% owned-affiliate account under the equity method which account for nearly 50% of the revenues. These six markets are the major markets for the company. While fast food meals based in burgers and fried chicken have been considered convenient, they have also been considered to be unhealthy. One of the reasons for the vast number of allegation against McDonald’s is that processed convenience foods contribute to obesity (Schrà ¶der & McEachern, 2006). This has led to several litigation proceedings against McDonald’s. This demonstrates that they have not been socially conscious in their dealings. There have

Marketing for small business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing for small business - Essay Example preneurial marketing operations, and has compared them to the marketing theories given by marketing books, with the aid of focus groups and interviews with entrepreneurs. The author begins his argument by establishing differences between the operations of a normal company and those of an entrepreneur’s business. While his analysis of the traditional marketing approaches is correct in pointing out that they are planned, formal, and largely backed by thorough research, his views about entrepreneurial characteristics being unplanned seem questionable. It is true that entrepreneurial activities can be classified as being ‘informal’, and intuitive, but this does not imply that entrepreneurs do not make use of careful planning to run their businesses. In fact, planned processes play as important a role in the operations of entrepreneurial businesses as in those of corporate giants. According to Delmar and Shane (2003), entrepreneurs are better off using careful planning than learning through trial and error because it enables efficient utilization of already scarce resources. Hence, this distinction made by Strokes in his article appear s questionable to some extent. However, the other arguments presented in the article to establish the significance of entrepreneurial marketing are stronger than the one analyzed above. The author has correctly identified the marketing-related problems of entrepreneurial businesses, including less focus on marketing operations, limited customer base, scarce resources, as well as lack of specialized skills since there is too much reliance on the owner’s competencies. By conducting focus groups of the owner-managers of different entrepreneurial businesses, he has maintained that entrepreneurs see marketing as merely a tactic to attract customers through promotion, and are not aware of its strategic meanings like fulfilment of customer needs and product development. In addition, the observation that entrepreneurial operations are

Public formulation and implementation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public formulation and implementation - Essay Example Public formulation is concerned with the generation of ideas that can help the public sector achieve a certain set of strategy. This process calls for expressions of interests from the experts. Experts from professional background such as; economists and researchers are always called upon to help the public administrators evaluate on any possible investment opportunity. After a lengthy evaluation of various strategies, the public administrator picks one project. Before doing so, a cost-benefit analysis is done to weigh on the investment viability. This is usually done to evaluate on the project that has high returns and less costs. The life years of the project is also taken into consideration. The longer the life year of the project determines the chance of investing on the project. Project approval is the second strategic steps that a public administrator follows. After the cost-benefit analysis of the project is done, internal rate of return (IRR) is also done. IRR analysis is done in order to examine the returns that the investment will realize in the entire life years of the project. The public administrator then approves for the most viable project. They approve the project and prepare the budget. Once the budget is approved, the project then prepares for the next step; implementation process. Implementation of this project is then executed. A public administrator deploys quality personal into performing this task. Day-to-day monitoring of this project is done to ensure that all the steps and processes are followed to the later. The chief project manager keep a record of the implementation process to make sure that all the provided steps is adhered to strictly. Implementation process is the key to the viability of the project as this will determine whether the project will be realized or not. An independent project expert that the public administrator appoints should work to

Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender Essay Example for Free

Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender Essay The Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender is crime novel about contemporary Australian life, written with all the ambiguity and moral sophistication of most â€Å"who dun-nits . It looks like crime, and sounds like crime, and sells like crime, but it’s Literature! Its Opening is a subversion of the genre a reversal of expectation as we are duped into believing this is your typical male private eye (P. I. ). The role reversal a female in a traditional male dominated field; women can do everything men can do challenges the stereotypes of traditional crime fiction. Purpose: (themes, concerns, issues main ideas.) 1. To create a sense of place — Sydney. Marele Day had spent four years travelling the world and when she came back to Sydney recognised its special charm and atmosphere. She became determined to write a book about it and its special appeal. a) Find references to Sydney, favourable and unfavourable. * what aspects are emphasized? * In totality how does Day present Sydney? * what are the links with the past? * what is meant by the â€Å"facade of Sydney’? 2. Corruption and suspicion vs probity and trust. 3. Effect of technology — have we become dehumanised? Will technology take over from humans? * What is the relationship between humanity and technology? 4. Isolation — Most of the characters are isolated in one way or another. * Find as many examples of isolation as possible. * What overall comment is made about isolation? * Is there a connection between it and technology? II. TECHNIQUE 1. Day uses a lot of the technique of modern day films especially the â€Å"black and white† scenes on Harry Lavender. How is he portrayed? He is very detached and aloof. We the audience get to see and hear what Claudia is not privy to. Are these extracts from the book Mark Bannister was writing? 2. Comment on Claudia Valentine’s PhrasingÃ'Ž Claudia speaks in the manner of a hard-boiled worldly wise Private Investigator (P. I. ). slick, glib, swaggering, at times sassy (cheeky) and sometimes tongue in cheek. â€Å"Live fast, die young, and leave a good looking corpse† (22) â€Å"I was changing cars more often than I changed my underwear† (101) â€Å"But it’s one â€Å"It’ll be dead end if you don’t. Now move† (162) Word Play Double entendre (meaning) â€Å"It must have been a plant. † â€Å"A lavender plant. † (126) â€Å"Terminal illness† (6, 17, 20, â€Å"Alter, (141 â€Å"curse, cursor (143 heart ( 55, â€Å"waiting for the developers to give them a new lease of life, or maybe just a new lease. † (69) Humour â€Å"wit† â€Å"I wait for bald men to pass by and ash on their heads (23) one of the former and two of the latter, and the former is former† her reply to Steve regarding her marital status. ( 27) â€Å"You put it away, Otto, you don’t know where it’s been. † â€Å"That’s the trouble,† he moaned, it hasn’t been anywhere lately. (53) social commentary â€Å"Divorced? † â€Å"Isn’t everyone? † (27) â€Å"I had made a mistake getting into a car with a law-abiding policeman† â€Å"You young folk are always in a hurry,† she said managing a smile. (45) â€Å"pollution and syringes (54), women (54), fast food (68)Ã'Ž

Problems Faced by Saudi Arabia

Problems Faced by Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the Arabian Peninsula. It has an appraise population of 27.5 million. Riyadh is the capital of Saudi Arabia. The official language in is Arabic and the Saudi legal system is based on the Islamic constitution. It is the homeland of the Islam, where the two major holy mosques are found. They discovered oil in 1936 which made the country wealthier. Oil accounts for more than 90 percent of exports and nearly 75 percent of government revenues. It provides the government with money to provide health care and education. There are no taxes taken by the government from the residents. Saudi Arabia faces many serious problems which need attention like any other country. According to the researches, Women in Saudi are not allowed to vote only men were admit to vote in the 2005 elections of 179 municipal councils of the country. Also in recent article of al-shaq al-awsat newspaper announced that Saudi Arabia has got the lowest percentage of the world with wo men constitute 5% of workforce. And can u imagine that one person dies each hour in a car accidents because of the high speed? how terrifying is this? what is more, in a report of several studies and smoking prevalence 20% to 40% of the population smoke. This essay will discuss three major issues women rights, car accidents and smoking in Saudi Arabia and the possible solutions for each problem. One of the main major problems that are considered in the Saudi society is women rights. The men and the religious police in Saudi claim that in Islam womens place is at home taking care of their husbands and families, which is not true it is just intellectual invasion. Women suffer from discrimination in the labor market therefore they could not work in the same place with men; their job, according to the men in Saudi, is to stay at home to take responsibility of the house and manipulate with their freedom. For instant, women have no right choosing their husbands, it is usually arranged by their family or the man chooses her and driving is forbidden for them, by law. Besides, women have no right to vote and not allowed to be a part of the weekly council which is where Saudi citizens complaint to a certain member of the royal family who controls the country. Moreover, women are not able to study, travel or work unless they get the permission from their parents. Although they are allo wed to travel they still have to get permission every-time they go to the airport. In addition, all schools and some malls are sex-segregated. As a result of this, men began using that as an advantage by pursuing violence and abusing them in any way possible. However, women try to tackle this problem. For example, a few years ago a group of women from different parts of the country requested a petition, written in it â€Å"recognize woman as eligible, without the need to have the escort of the legal supervisor -such as a father, husband or brother- to be present in case a trade registration record is needed for a woman to start business† and â€Å"the woman is in need to get her own legitimate and civil right, starting from her right to learn, work and health care but not to be conditioned on the permission of the legal supervisor to her rights to transfer her property after her death to her inheritors under the rule of civil service on equal footing with man†. The gov ernment is trying their best to tackle this and they started by announcing to give women identification cards when they register on their custodians identification cards in previous whereas the key reason of treating women in the wrong way refers to gender apartheid so it needs time to get over this ineffectual idea. Secondly, driving cars in a high speed causes many accidents in Saudi Arabia. It costs the government a lot of money yearly which cause decrease in the economy of the country. what is more, the lost of human which costs lives and cost their families tears and long nights without sleeping worrying about what is coming next. Is it death or disability for the rest of their lives? People are dying daily even if they escape the death there is a high possibility to get paralyzed or disable. In a report said that â€Å"the average age of death causalities that result from car accident is 34 years, which means that 26 working years were lost for each person. The economic input of each 26 years is calculated in the annual economic losses of Saudi†. The report found that â€Å" 65% of people with minor causalities need up to 20 days in hospitalized treatment and up to 70 days for rehabilitation. On the other hand, 33% of the minor causalities need up to a full year in treatment and reh abilitation, which results in complete loss of full year economic input for each person. The remaining 2% end up in permanently handicapped that may require up to 15 years of treatment and rehabilitation†. According to the traffic department on the numeration for the last five years approximately more than 1.36 million accident cause death for 21,900 people and about 122,600 coming with injuries. Therefor some possible solution could be follows to help solving this dilemma. For instance, make the driving license test much difficult than it is now with requirement to illustrate driving ability in the Saudis roads and give condensed driving lessons before people start using car. besides, that the government should either charge or punish for speeding. Also should send campaign which focus in damage which causes from the high speed that all could push the people not to drive with high speed in order to help with this problem. finally, last but not least this phenomenon that spread in the saudi society like the cancer when it spreads in the body smoking. people who always smoke are more likely to expose heath problems; lung cancer and heart disease. Smoking in Saudi is becoming like hobby for people. What is really horrifying that the people start smoking in the teenage for the wrong reasons like to make them feel better about themselves and more confident to face the worlds. What is more, the number of smokers in Saudi is increasing which put extra pressure on the heath system. The essential problem which made them go toward smoking that the price of the pack of cigarettes in Saudi is the cheapest in the world what is worse that there is not any law obstruct young people from buying cigarette. however, the people not only smoke cigarette but also shisha (hubby-bubbly) specially women thinking that it is not as harm as cigarette whereas it equals 15 cigarettes. According to one anti-smoking organization sa id â€Å" Saudi Arabia has fourth highest number of smokers per capita in the world. There are 6 million smokers and a growing number of women lighting up†. Also 27% of students in intermediate level smoke, up to 51% of the of the female teachers and educators smoke and 5% of the people in Saudi have lung cancer. The director of the ministry of health ‘s anti-smoking program contended that â€Å"Saudi Arabia loses SR8 billion because of tobacco and spends SR3.5 billion treating smokers every year†. which is affect the economy of the country. So government should focus more in the public problem that faces Saudi Arabia providing awareness campaigns which show the dangerous of smoking and the damage that it causes plus of banning smoking in public and close places. besides rising the price of the pack of cigarettes that is some of the credible solutions which can assist in solving this major problem. To sum up, we discussed the three major problem that faces Saudi Arabia. We suggest some of the possible solutions that government can follow. However, government is trying the best to help in solve this problems which is considered as society issues and this type of problem need more time to be solve because it needs the government concentrates and the society effort at the same time which make it harder to tackle although Saudi Arabia it is not the only country that faces problem each country has it own problem and I think that each country should focus in their problems. above all, lately in the last 2 years government is putting an extra effort in this with is perceptible from the whole Saudis citizens and shocking i the same time because no one expect that enormous change in that short time. Bibliography: 1)Rita Henley Jensen (March 7, 2005). Taking the Gender Apartheid Tour in Saudi Arabia. Womens e-news. Retrieved on 2007-08-21. 2)Handrahan, L. M. (2001), Human Rights tribune 8(1). Retrieved on 2007-08-21, from http://www.hri.ca/tribune/viewArticle.asp?ID=2603 3)Andrea Dworkin (1978). A Feminist Looks at Saudi Arabia. Andrea Dworkin. Retrieved on 2007-08-21,from www.nostatusquo.com 4)Al-Watan (Saudi Arabia), May 18, 2006 translated at Public Debate in Saudi Arabia on Employment Opportunities for Women 5)Al-Watan (Saudi Arabia), June 26, 2006 translated at Public Debate in Saudi Arabia on Employment Opportunities for Women 6) Saudi Arabian Government and Law (2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-20. 7)Islam, women, and Saudi Arabian society (2002). Retrieved on 2007-09-20. 8)human rights from http://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/01/18/saudia12230.htm 9)women rights in arab worlds (10th dec. 1999) ,from http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/arabs/arabwomen.html 10)Saudi Arabian womens rights (2007), from http://saudiarabiawomenrights.blogspot.com 11)Muhammad Diyab,Horrible accidents on our roads (2007), from http://desertdiaries.wordpress.com/category/life-in-jeddah/transportation/ 12)Molouk Y. , Mothers terrorized by killer road fear (2007), from http://www.arabnews.com/?page=9section=0article=97197d=8m=6y=2007 13)Al-Jaser Badr, Al-Kuwari Mohamed and Al-Thani Mohamed ,prevalence of smoking among governmental mental heath workers in jeddah (2003) from http://www.ssfcm.org/ssfcm_en/index.php?fuseaction=content.fullcontentmainsection=0000000321Pub=YesNum_of_articals=20artical=0000000412

Examples of How Set Can Communicate the Dances Ideal Concept :: Dance Drama Still Life at the Penguin Cafe Essays

Examples of How Set Can Communicate the Dance's Ideal Concept When a dance piece is created, it is not just the choreography of the steps that needs to be considered. To make a successful piece, firstly a starting point needs to be found, this can be anything ranging from an emotion, an animal, or even someone's journey to work or school. When this has been decided upon, there are five main areas that need to be concentrated on. These are; costume, music, set, lighting and choreography. These different fields of the dance cannot be considered separate, nor is there a rank of importance; all five areas need to be created together. They compliment each other, and grow together to form the piece. In this essay I am going to focus on the importance of just one of these factors, the set. Using examples from professional dance works I am going to discuss how the set successfully communicates the dance's ideal concept. The first dance work I am going to use as an example, is from "Still Life at the Penguin Cafà ©" choreographed by David Bintley and designed by Hayden Griffin. I have chosen to discuss the set in the first scene of the performance, "The Great Auk". There are two sections to this scene, the first section being a representation of the Great Auk's habitat, the second being a busy cafà ©, run by penguins as waiters and sophisticated women as customers. The set for the first section is simple but effective. The stage has a black backdrop, covering the whole stage wall, and a smaller screen on wheels centre stage. This screen is roughly 7ft tall and a vertical rectangle. On it an icy landscape is painted. It shows ice and sea, using white and icy blue colours. It shows an image of the penguin's habitat. It lets the audience know a bit about the penguin's background and what it has to deal with in life. This is very effective as it communicates the meaning of the piece, showing that life for this creature is hard. This piece of se is also very useful within the piece, as the dancers use it as an added entrance. They hide behind the screen and appear at the sides, this give added interest to the piece, and it is also practical as it is on wheels, therefore easy to move on and off the stage. The rest of the stage is left empty for this section, providing space for the dance. For the second part of this scene, the icescape is moved off stage and the backdrop is lifted to reveal a cafà ©.

Astrology :: essays research papers

Have you ever wondered what astrology is? Astrology has been around for many years, but many people don’t understand what astrology is, who used astrology, and it’s connection with the zodiac. Many people don’t know this, but the actual term astrology comes from two words, which are â€Å"astra† and â€Å"logos†. (Weblinkers.com Enterprises, p.1) When people believe in astrology, what they believe is that the planets and stars directly or indirectly influence their lives and determine what happens to them in life. (Weblinkers.com Enterprises, p.1) The stars are said to show guidance and meaning for the lives of people. (Woolfolk, p.297) Most people think that astrology is a recently thought up science, but it has actually been around for many generations. (www.astrology.net/about.html, p.1) The actual science of astrology can be dated to about six thousand or so years before the birth of Christ! (Woolfolk, p.297) The oldest astrology chart dates back to 4,200 BC (Weblinkers.com Enterprises, p.1) At this time, astrology and religion went hand in hand with each other. (Woolfolk, p.297) Most astrologers were priests. (Woolfolk, p.297) Many people looked up to these astrologers as â€Å"taught men†. (www.astrology.net/about.html) Astrology has had its ups and downs through history, but it always maintained that station of being. (www.astrologers.com/history.html# Relevant, p.1) After some aspects of religion became prevalent, astrology became known as the â€Å"work of the devil†. (Weblinker.com Enterprises, p.1) During the Renaissance, though, astrology became more liked than before. (Weblinkers.com Enterprises, p.1) Even religious leaders began to practice astrology more often. (Weblinkers.com Enterprises, p.1) People of the royal families had their own astrologers. (Weblinkers.com Enterprises, p.1) That is how worldwide astrology was. (Weblinkers.com Enterprises, p.1) Modern day astrology is meant to be a philosophy to put into detail different aspects of life instead of predicting the future. (www.astrology.net/about.html, p.2) Astrology has been the stuff that has brought people together. (www.astrology.net/about.html, p.2) It explains the power that people contain in their lives. (www.astrology.net/about.html, p.2) Of course, there are many different aspects or branches of astrology. (www.astrology.net/about.html, p.3) Some are medical, business, stock market, weather, mundane, electrical, horary, and natal. (www.astrology.net/about.html, p.3) They are practiced for health, financial, politics, marriage, business, and other things that concern people in their lives. (www.astrology.net/about.html, p.3) As a matter of fact, even Hitler used an astrologer during World War II. (Weblinkers.com Enterprises, p.1) One of the astrologers said that he should seek peace, and Hitler became mad at the astrologer and burned him and all astrology books.

Information and Communication Technologies Essay -- Technology, Digita

NOTHING STAYS THE SAME Change is a constant feature of contemporary society, and much of it seems to be instigated by the rapid and continuing development and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). This is certainly true as far as the information professions are concerned, as ICTs modify how information is collected, processed, communicated, stored, retrieved and even interpreted, effectively creating different understandings of three of constituent elements of information work : the containers of information (documents); the means by which they can be communicated; and the tools which are used to manage them. One of the more significant recent technological developments is that of digital libraries (DLs), which have provided LIS educators with the opportunity to reconceptualise and retheorise their academic zone as well as assisting in rejuvenating and enhancing professional practice. What are DLs – and how are they different from traditional libraries or, indeed, ‘digital repositories’, ‘digital curation’ and ‘digital archives’? It is agreed that the term ‘digital library’ remains unclear and contested and still has a variety of potential meanings which range from ‘database’ to ‘a digitised collection of material’ similar to that which one might find in a traditional library. The definition most frequently quoted and used is that developed by the Digital Library Federation (DLF): Digital libraries are organizations that provide the resources, including the specialized staff, to select, structure, offer intellectual access to, interpret, distribute, preserve the integrity of, and ensure the persistence over time of collections of digital works so that they are readily and economically avai... ...ple are able to find information and use it. The social implications of a world in which information is distributed almost without institutions are not understood. What does this mean for universities, for education, for publishers? (Lesk, 1997, p. 5). There is little doubt that the general public now have access to a great deal more information (from the internet, in particular) than has ever before been possible – so much so, that many think that information was invented by the internet. Whether people always find what they want, whether the information they find is of the best quality, whether they understand the information they retrieve and what they do with the information once they have located it, are all questions that remain largely unanswered, along with Lesk’s important question which he asked over a decade ago, but which will be considered here.

Describe the Limitations and Constraints of Marketing

P2-describe the limitations and constraints of marketing Limitations and constraints include; Sales of Goods Act 1979 Trade Descriptions Act 1968 Consumer Credit Act 2006 Data Protection Act 1968 Voluntary constraints Direct Marketing Association (DMA) Pressure groups and consumerism Acceptable language Sales of goods act 1979 The sales of goods act needs sellers to trade goods that are as they advertised and described. The good or service has to be of satisfactory quality.Effectively meaning that for an organisation like micro-soft, the goods and services must be described precisely when promoted because the company needs to be able to prove that the product can do what they say. Trading Regulations 2008 This act enables clients to equal treatment from businesses they deal with. Within this act, businesses can’t use fear to sell their products. Businesses can’t lie to promote products for example ‘closing down sale’ when they are going to stay open after t hem sale. So blackberry can’t advertise their products with features that they don’t have.The latest Blackberry boasts the best resolution screen of its kind, which then had to be verified and researched by an independent organisation to see it the statement, was true. Consumer Credit Acts 2006 These acts apply to businesses that offer goods or services on credit or companies that lend money to consumers. To be in this category, businesses must be licensed by the Office of Fair Trading (OFT), this would handle and include the method of calculating APR and the form and content of the agreement.The consumer credit act 2002 defends consumer’s rights when they purchase things on credit. When lending money, companies much have interest rates clearly identified and these can’t be changing them after. The Data Protection 1968 This Act means that any information taken by a salespersons can only be used for the reasoned mentioned when taken , it has to be precise and up to date, it can’t be taken for a longer period of time than the time mentioned when it was taken , and can only be taken properly and lawfully.It must be kept up to date because if someone dies it is put on the up date. Furthermore your information is protected from unauthorised use, and cannot be given on to other companies without your permission. Voluntary codes This is when businesses volunteers that they will never do something or they will always do something. This might include signing a code of practice mentioning specific behaviours and rules ethically, even though it can’t be legally enforced.

Literary Analysis †Mr Van Gogh Essay

Owen Marshall’s ‘Mr Van Gogh’ addresses the inevitable issue of marginalisation of an individual. Through language features he influences the reader to reflect and consider action of the attitudes towards the socially marginalised. The social rejection of an individual is described through the voice of the town bully, and the cowardly acts of the narrator. Set in a small town in New Zealand it serves as a microcosm of contemporary society. Marshall presents a parable to educate the reader so they understand that there is only inclusion when there is exclusion. Marshall aims to influence the reader to take action and act in ways that challenge the universal social norms. Through the voice of the town bully Marshall presents the issue of Frank’s rejection. Marshall achieves this by emphasising the mockery demonstrated toward Frank. In, ‘†¦ a local turn to entertain the visitors. â€Å"Was he any good though, this Van Gogh bugger? †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, Marshall uses direct speech from Mr Souness to tease Frank about his fondness of Van Gogh. Vincent Van Gogh is Frank’s passion, he admires him like nobody else. The rhetorical question that Souness derides Frank with is appropriate because it shows the reader colloquialism that Souness uses whilst he talks down to Frank. Frank is used as entertainment for the townspeople who sadistically take pleasure by ridiculing Frank’s devotion toward Van Gogh. This arouses guilt in the reader because it relates to the broader social context, showing the truth about society; Marshall uses representative characters to show that society must have â€Å"outcasts†. The reader realises that you can either be part of society or have individuality. The isolation of Frank is further evident in, ‘†¦ old bugger is holding up the democratic wishes of the town’, this shows the parallel relationship between Van Gogh and Frank through Marshall creating repetition in diction through the repetition of, ‘bugger’. Marshall used an extended metaphor, which further developed the character of Frank by relating him to Van Gogh, who was also marginalised. Ironically by calling Frank, ‘Mr Van Gogh’, the community are isolating him, destining him to follow Van Gogh’s fate – a misjudged genius dying alone, unrecognised in his ifetime for his work. The exclusion that Marshall created through the voice of the town bully is additionally seen through the acts of the bystanders in the community. The marginalisation of Frank is reflected through the cowardly acts of the narrator. The townspeople have no interest in standing up for Frank; he stands up for himself. In, ‘Mr Van Gogh was stand ing before the laughter with his arms outstretched like a cross’, the simile accentuates to the reader that Frank is derided, the town bully and his accompanies laugh at the fight he reluctantly devotes himself to. The Biblical allusion emphasises the use of the simile by connecting Frank to Jesus; this shows that Frank and Jesus have a parallel relationship – Frank is being used as a sacrifice for the entertainment of the townspeople, sacrificing himself by standing up for his hero, Van Gogh. The community proceeds to be spectators even if they believe the ridiculing is wrong; they convince themselves that the discrimination is not their business, highlighted in, ‘I went away from the fence without watching anymore’. Pontius Pilate walked away, ‘washed his hands’ of responsibility of Jesus’s crucifixion; the narrator relates because he sees Frank being used as a human sacrifice, yet he turns his back and walks away – not wanting to be part of the taunting acts, and too fearful for his own self worth if he stood up for Frank. Marshall elaborates to the reader the unwillingness to risk ourselves for others is human behaviour; such as following in the role of others. The community mirrors Souness; whereas Frank chooses to create his own path. By destroying Frank’s house Marshall symbolises the destruction of Frank’s individuality. Marshall shows the community is unconsciously making efforts to destroy any forms of individuality. In, ‘It rose like a phoenix in its own flames, and he wasn’t part of it anymore†¦ the colour, and purpose, and vision of Mr Van Gogh had gone out of himself and was there on the walls about us†, the listing of abstract nouns accentuates to the reader creating a link between Frank and Van Gogh – they both dedicated their lives to their passion. The relation to the mythical creature, phoenix, certify the resurrection of Frank; his soul is carried through his work, his house. This Classical allusion is used to demonstrate to the reader the symbolic aspects of the house, such as Frank’s originality. The simile in, ‘the house collapsed like an old elephant in the drought surrounded by so many enemies’, compares the townsfolk to scavengers – they are seen as cowards, only attacking when their prey seems weak. Marshall uses this because elephants symbolise sensitivity; the relation to an ‘elephant in drought’ underlines the vulnerability of the house whilst Frank is not present to protect his individuality. The author positions the reader to feel sympathy and horror about the destruction of the house, and evokes the sense of powerlessness within the reader because the majority overwhelms the individual. Marshall portrays to the reader that group mentality of the majority attempts to overwhelm individuality. Due to the concept of binary construction, society is predicated on inclusion and exclusion; in order to achieve a sense of community, marginalisation is inevitable and universal. Marshall’s short story makes the reader reflect about the hypocritical ways in which society works. There will always be Van Gogh as long as there are those who express their individuality; there will always be forms of exclusion through inclusion. In, ‘†¦ Souness kept laughing, †¦ rubbed his knuckles into his left eye because of the dust’, the Biblical allusion refers to the Book of Luke through, ‘dust’, emphasising the message, ‘Why point at the speck in your brother’s eye, when there is a plank in your own? First remove the plank from your own eye†¦ ’. Hypocrisy is shown by the townspeople judging others on their personal values, when they themselves have them. Marshall has caused the reader to realise the hypocrisy in their lives, the reader follows in majorities’ lead of society. Marshall causes the reader consider action by changing the ways they think about social marginalisation. It is important for young people to read this story to raise awareness of the reality of society; the social marginalisation in the story is an example of what happens in reality. People are laughed at for being different, however, they should be laughing because society is all the same.

Blessings of Liberty

In striking at the ‘domestic Tranquility,' ‘common defense' and ‘Blessings of Liberty' that the US Constitution was established to secure, the terrorist attacks of September 11 not only extinguished thousands of lives but also heralded a dangerous and unprecedented chapter in the ‘American experiment. ‘ 9/11 represented the end of what remained of America's post–1991 innocence about the severity of global threats and confirmed the many prior warnings that the question of mainland terror was one of when, not whether, it would occur.To some observers, the attacks triggered the most sudden and dramatic change in the history of American foreign policy, bringing an abrupt and decisive end to the post-Cold War era. (Stephen, 2001) But while many declarations proclaimed a permanently transformed world, American responses instead suggested a remarkable continuity. Rather than initiating a transformation, 9/11 accelerated trends, policies and approaches th at were well established.If the attacks' most immediate political effects were certainly dramatic – the Bush administration's approval ratings soared and public confidence in the federal government attained levels unseen since the early 1960s – the dominant features of recent American politics (not least partisan polarization) remained essentially unchanged. Analogical reasoning in international affairs is as hazardous in theory as it is ubiquitous in practice; hence the question of whether 9/11 will ultimately prove as strategically significant for America as Pearl Harbor, the Cold War or the implosion of the USSR is best left for another day.(Richard, 2001) 9/11 nonetheless proved both that America remains as vulnerable to conventional and unconventional attacks as other nations and that its singular influence renders it an especially inviting target. It also demonstrated, however, that America remains exceptional in its capacity to deploy vast resources and destruct ive assets on a global scale. The rapid removal of the Taliban regime revealed a hegemonic power with neither peer nor precedent, prompting commentators to compete for adjectival correctness: ‘hyper-power,' ‘mega-power,' ‘behemoth.‘ (Tim, 2002) Confronted by such dominance, critics are surely right to caution about the dangers accompanying such unprecedented and (relatively) unfettered power. But commentary on America frequently remains empirically poorly anchored, wrongly conflating official policies with public preferences and embracing stereo-types about (for example) mass aversion to military casualties that resisted close scrutiny long prior to 2001.The reasons why factual accuracy infrequently intrudes on familiar ‘truisms' about the USA has received compelling analysis elsewhere (Clive, 2002) but it is in the light of such infrequency that this chapter reviews in turn American perceptions of the terrorist attacks, the responses of the Bush admini stration and Congress and 9/11's broader significance for American domestic politics and foreign policy. Terrorism used to be seen by the world's militaries as â€Å"low intensity conflict† and many commanders such as you were not often preoccupied with it.For us, exceptionally hot years such as 1983 or 1985 were just that–exceptions. Now it's war. It is a war that the al Qaeda enemy formally declared in 1996, and again in 1998. It's a war made by a long series of attacks upon free peoples. The U. S. only accepted this as â€Å"war† at the end of 2001, but it is now affixed to the horizon. To call this war is not to say that it is a wholly military contest. If US government has a grand strategy, then this contest is political, ideological, legal, economic, and moral. It is profoundly moral.President Bush made the accurate parallel between terrorist and pirates or slave-traders. All three categories are natural enemies of humanity–an ancient concept of int ernational law, and a good one. On Saturday, the new Pope described terrorism as â€Å"perverse,† a â€Å"cruel decision that shows contempt for the sacred right to life,† and â€Å"a new barbarism. † The global nations, collectively, hold the upper hand in this contest because Allies is a moral cause, and they must not ignore or abandon that moral advantage. (Gray, 2005)Two recent and ugly innovations by terror groups underscore terrorism's profound inhumanity. You may have noticed the new pattern of terror attacks on aid personnel and nongovernmental organizations. What had been rare is now appallingly common. NGOs† are studying the challenge, but have only begun. For now they often close down relief operations and withdraw in the face of terror–a prudent response, but one that negates their whole purpose, and satisfies the attackers. Until now, NGOs have tended to want nothing from you as commanders except logistical support for their own work.Th e less contact the better, it seemed. Now, they may begin asking you to help with their security, which is a most complicated job. A second reminder of the character of terrorism is a new pattern of double-bombings. The first explosive is laid to wound and kill; this damage draws in dozens of medical professionals and â€Å"first responders;† (Wolf, 2003) when enough ambulances have arrived, the second timed charge detonates, redoubling the carnage. I first noticed the old Irish Republican Army do this. Then, a right-wing terrorist did it in Atlanta Georgia.The jihadis' Bali Indonesia bombings confirmed the pattern–a preliminary bomb in a building drove people out into the street, where a far larger bomb murdered many of them. And then, at a fourth point on the globe (Iraq) came the August 17 bombing of a bus terminal in Baghdad. Police naturally rushed to the scene, and that's when a second bomb blew, in the station parking lot. There was a third layer to the plan. Am bulances rushed wounded to a nearby hospital, and there, awaiting them, was a suicide bomber, who then detonated.When terrorism develops such techniques it rarely regresses; we'll see more. (Clutterbuck, 2004) The moral relativists who will not understand terrorism–who say, â€Å"it is nothing more than a weapon of the weak†Ã¢â‚¬â€œshould ponder the planning in these double-bombings. How hard you commanders work to train your personnel to protect the Red Cross, to steer clear of ambulances, to avoid hospitals as sanctuaries of the wounded, even amidst actual battle. Compare that with what terrorists plot and do in peacetime, with this explicit targeting of medical personnel.The over-heated religious militants led by al Qaeda have an internationalist program. That is evident from their targeting: Nairobi, Casablanca, Istanbul, Riyadh, and Madrid. Their internationalism is just as evident from their recruitment: Saudis, Moroccans, Algerians, Somalis, Yemenis, Filipinos, and Western Europeans of all kinds. †¦ The enemy confirms all this in how he trains: al Qaeda's camps in the Sudan, and then Afghanistan, drew tens of thousands, to some 50 training camps, from the corners of the world.In late 2001, in the Afghan war, The Allied coalition captured people from over forty countries! There was of course a Philippines training branch, and another in Indonesia. The array of foreign faces appearing in these camps was widely diverse. The jihadis' internationalism is just as evident in their ideology: as surely as a good man may be called into good and divine service from Madagascar or America–and they have been–so too might the jihadis' appeals touch a potential terrorist in Madagascar, or America–and they have. There are treasure troves of al Qaeda documents.Their own words make it apparent that as a policy end, al Qaeda envisages itself as the global leader of a great coalition, and should it conquer, then the creation of a grea t Caliphate. Mullah Omar and Osama Bin Laden talked about that in Afghanistan–there is a written record of it. If Mullah Omar's Taliban regime is any indication of how such a Caliphate would govern, very few Muslims would ever want it†¦although the rulers, being totalitarians, would not much care if their regime were wanted. The terrorists' internationalist policy dictates an internationalist strategy.That is why the celebrated fatwa of February 1998 heralded formation of â€Å"The World Islamic Front for Jihad†¦Ã¢â‚¬  †¦Why Bin Laden's speeches urge Islamic unity, a seamless community of the faithful, worldwide†¦Why his lieutenant, and doctor, the globe-trotting Egyptian Al Zawahiri, criticizes peoples of the Islamic world when they fail to come when they are called to arms by al Qaeda. (Alexander, 2001) So US government sees al Qaeda's global reach in its targeting, recruiting, training, ideology, and recovered documents and public pronouncements. Quit e obviously, there is a world war, and war must be joined.In the face of such global ambitions and global attacks, all decent governments should ally themselves in counterterrorism. That is the first and most apparent need from the assessment of the present enemy: And at the military level, this direction explains why Commandant Michael Hagee's strategic â€Å"Vision,† as briefed to leaders of the US Marine Corps, states simply that â€Å"Deterring and defeating Irregular threats places a high priority on working with partner nations†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Adams, 2002) For the U. S. , these ongoing efforts include training international officer students in military staff level and war colleges.The Marine Corps alone has over five hundred such international students and trainees. Then there are the many training missions that the larger military services carry out abroad. USMC training teams were in nine countries in 2004, but this year they're in five times as many foreign countries . The State Department has an ambitious Antiterrorism Assistance Program, which mixes political, and security matters, and has operated world-wide since 1983. One part of this, conducted through the State Department's Office of the Coordinator for Counter-terrorism, is the Foreign Emergency Support Team.Over the years, these teams have accomplished liaison with over one hundred partner countries to a limited but useful end: when a crisis occurs abroad, if that country desires U. S. technical support or advice, the mechanisms for it are understood on both sides. (Bolz, 2000) Consider as well Pakistan. Islamabad has made a remarkable and satisfying reversal of old policies. At great risk to itself, the Musharaf administration now studies, surrounds, and seizes bombers, torturers, shooters, plotters, and financiers, foreign and domestic. The Pakistani police are working even harder than the army.The country has extradited such important terrorists as Ramzi Yousef who bombed the New Yor k Trade Towers the first time (1993) and Ramzi Binalshibh, a Yemeni who apparently sought to join his friends in the 9-11 hijacking teams. (Crenshaw, 2001) By the spring of 2003 one of the news magazines wrote admiringly that arrests were coming â€Å"almost weekly† in Pakistan. Few things are as satisfying as a successful trial, conviction and jailing; it puts things fight, and the world sees it. Some democracies created special counter-terrorist forces as an answer to the terrorist atrocities of the late 1960s.Many states built them then. Germany's GSGN border troops taking down the airliner held by terrorists in Mogadishu in 1978, with a devastating psychological impact on the Red Army Faction†¦French forces boldly recapturing one of their nation's airliners in Marseilles in December 1994, snuffing out a clear precursor attack on their own capital and preventing a 9-11 in that city†¦Peru's commandos, quietly enduring the tensions of the four-month siege they laid for MRTA Communists holding the Japanese embassy in Lima, in 1996.When Peru's commandos finally pounced, in April 1997, it was a magnificent performance that left the bad people stretched out on the ground and the hostages reunited with their astonished families. For specialized work like counterterrorism there must be specialized forces. This is somewhat true even for dealing with a broader insurgency. There are still roles for conscripts and draftees, available in large numbers, to perform traditional duties of aid and occupation, amidst a population for 8 or 12 months somewhere abroad.But the greatest need in Afghanistan today, in Nepal today, in Iraq today, is for confident well-trained professionals who will make long deployments and then consider another tour. At the very least, there must be a sophisticated way of helping capture the lessons they have learned. (Farrell, 2002) Officers do not arrive fresh upon an insurgent scene, such as Iraq, and determine by Clausewitzean c oup d'oeil the essence of the problem, and solve it before breakfast tomorrow.Instead the fellow coming in must study, and watch, and wrestle with the language and the newness of the situation, abandon a preconception or two, and think long and hard. It was T. E. Lawrence, Lawrence of Arabia, who wrote that â€Å"Guerrilla war is far more intellectual than a bayonet charge. † Neither guerrilla war nor its antidotes have changed much since his time. Pressures to have intimate human intelligence in this age of global terrorism are very high. In a localized insurgency at least there might be certain common features of the enemy mind.But in this global struggle, the countries of origin are as diverse as the personalities arrayed against America. Policy makers have many lenses through which to study and learn, and prepare what is practical: psychology, political science, political philosophy, regional studies, sociology, and other lenses will all help us take in the character of t he enemy. You may be thinking that it is a cliche to call for better human intelligence. (Rubin, 1999) True. It is true that is a cliche, and true that we need better intelligence.In the USA, many blue ribbon panels and careful studies have demanded that America has improved on her intelligence assets as compare to that was before 9-11. In practice, this recommendation means adjustments by more than just intelligence experts. It means education and training, in good, resident, schools. It means making every naval infantry man and woman an â€Å"intel† collector. ( Netanyahu, 2004) It means close cooperation between military and police forces, for the police often know more, being locals, and long-time experts at observing the law-breaking sort of man.Two of the great lessons of British counter-insurgency were in emphasis on intelligence by all units, and emphasis on sharing intelligence between the military and civilian sides, to include sometimes co-locating their two infras tructures. (Solan, 2000) Washington and Langley may emphasize counter-terrorism against al Qaeda but may still disappoint the close NATO partner, Berlin, with how much intelligence Americans actually share. Perhaps Turkey finds Washington's bureaucrats too busy, or too uninterested, in the problems of the reviving Kurdish insurgency.Yet Turkish blood flows, and Kurdish killers hide just over the border in Iraq, and Americans are said to have some powers in Iraq, so Turks may demand America use influence against their Kurdish terrorists. Russia saw, so long before Americans did, the need for directly aiding the Afghan Northern Alliance led by the brilliant Ahmed Shah Massoud, against the Taliban tyranny, in the 1990s. Now, who should be surprised if Russia feels she has a call on more political support over Chechen separatism. (Wolf, 2003) We must work to measure up to the challenges of allies as well as enemies.As Winston Churchill used to say, ‘a man must never allow himself to fall below the level of events. ‘ References Adams, James. Secret armies: inside the American, Soviet, and European special forces. New York, N. Y. , U. S. A. : The Atlantic Monthly Press, 2002. 440-48 Alexander, Yonah. ; Browne, Marjorie Ann. ; Nanes, Allan S. [eds. ]. Control of terrorism: international documents. (Foreword by Ray S. Cline; published in cooperation with the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Georgetown University). New York, N. Y. , U. S. A. : Crane, Russak, 2001.xvi, 21-25. Bolz, Frank. ; Dudonis, Kenneth J. ; Schulz, David P. The counter-terrorism handbook: tactics, procedures, and techniques. New York, N. Y. , U. S. A. : Elsevier Science, (Series in Practical Aspects of Criminal and Forensic Investigations), 2000. pp. 221-224 Clive Christie, ‘US Hate: A Designer Prejudice for Our Time', The Times Higher Educational Supplement, 18 Jan. 2002, p. 19. Clutterbuck, Richard L. Living with terrorism. London, G. B. : Faber and Faber, 2004. p p. 151-152 Crenshaw, Martha. Terrorism and international cooperation. Boulder, Colo.New York, N. Y. , U. S. A. : Westview Press; Institute for East-West Security Studies, (Occasional paper Series; 11), 2001. p91 Farrell, William Regis. The U. S. government response to terrorism: in search of an effective strategy. Boulder, Colo. , U. S. A. : Westview Press, (Westview Special Studies in National and International Terrorism), 2002. 139-42 Gray, John ‘Why Terrorism is Unbeatable', New Statesman, 25 Feb. 2005, pp. 50–3. Netanyahu, Benjamin. [ed. ]. Terrorism: how the West can win. London, G. B. : Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2004. 25-34 Richard A.Posner, Public Intellectuals: A Study of Decline (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001). Rubin, Barry. [ed. ]. The politics of counter-terrorism: the ordeal of democratic states. Washington, D. C. , U. S. A. : Foreign Policy Institute, The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, The Johns Hopkins University, 19 99. 117-122 Solan, Stephen. Beating international terrorism: an action strategy for preemption and punishment. Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala. ; [Washington, D. C. ], U. S. A. : Air University, Air University Press; [U. S. G. P. O. ], 2000. 60-66

Is tuition classes important to sudents? Essay

Students these days are increasingly pressured to churn out better and better academic results. As such, parents and the students themselves feel it is necessary to enrol in tuition classes. These after school classes, often conducted by school teachers trying to earn a little extra cash, provide an avenue to those who wish to improve on the subjects they are weak in, or secure a distinction for those they are already proficient in. Nowadays, it is actually rare to find a student, aside for those with economic difficulties, that does not attend tuition class. However, is tuition really necessary? Many students of yesteryear managed to achieve high grades in their examinations while bereft of tuition classes. Students who completed their studies in the 70s up to the early 90s typically did not attend tuition class, yet their grades were no less spectacular than those today. This is mainly because studying for exams, like any other activity, is intrinsically driven. One cannot force a student who is not motivated to swallow volumes of text and regurgitate it out during exams any more than one can force a tiger to change its stripes. Inversely, as happened of yesteryears, students who are motivated to study will do so even if the only illumination available is a guttering candle. Another unsettling aspect of modern tuition classes is that it is only available to those who can afford it. Popular teachers command top dollar for students to enrol in their classes, or have such a large class that one could mistake it for a school assembly. Tuition, unlike teachers teaching in school, is profit driven. Tuition centres allow teachers to rent their space for a percentage of the profits. If however the teacher under performs or is not economically viable, he or she will soon be given the boot. Due to its market driven structure, one can consider tuition classes a form of elitism. Students will proudly compare which of their teachers is better or how they managed to secure a position in a class with a famous teacher, while student who are from the poorer economic group can only stand by and watch. This, in turn, enforces the class divide later on. Tuition’s concept is to allow the student to practice a subject more than the given amount of hours in school. This theoretically helps the student  improve the said subject. For a majority, it really does work. Students do improve after participating in tuition classes. However, as pointed out above, studying is an intrinsic value. A student dragged kicking and screaming to do more exercises on a hated subject could potentially worsen the situation, rather than improve it. The same concept, however, has allowed for some students to truly unlock their potential. Given the vast kaleidoscope of human interactions, it is entirely possible that a student does not â€Å"click† with his or her school teacher, but gets merrily along with the tuition teacher. Any psychologist will attest to that when a person is affable to another, the quality and quantity of the message conveyed has increased potency. It is possible that a student dislikes a given subject in school, but pays complete attention in tuition classes due to the quality and charisma of the teacher. When this happens, the tuition class fulfils its objective of improving the student’s said subject. Tuition classes play a subtle, but highly important role that is not limited to the academic arena . Students from various schools often meet in tuition classes. This leads to interaction between students of different schools, classes and creeds. This lays an important foundation in the construction of a sociable person later on. The foundation of which a proper, functioning person who contributes back to society later on is built upon may, unlikely as it seems, be built during an Additional Mathematics tuition class. So is tuition necessary? My personal belief leans toward yes, it is necessary, but only for this day and age. Had this question been asked ten, twenty or even thirty years earlier, my answer would have been an unequivocal no.

FREE-MARKET APPROACH AND REGULATORY APPROACH TO STANDARD SETTING IN Assignment

FREE-MARKET APPROACH AND REGULATORY APPROACH TO STANDARD SETTING IN ACCOUNTING - Assignment Example The researcher analyzed the free market approach to standard setting and provided a case study analysis to this approach. Within the free-market approach, the study revealed some theories including the positive accounting theory and agency theory, which recommends that entities should have incentives to make publicly accounting information munificently. The study also examined the regulatory approach, which aims to protect the interests of the public in the marketplace. The study further examined some of the frameworks within the regulatory approaches including the public interest theory and capture theory. Lastly, the researcher provided the case studies for both free-market and regulatory approaches in relation to standard setting in accounting. Lastly, the conclusion was provided that summed up everything that was discussed under the research topic. Assessment of the Free-Market Approach and Regulatory Approach to Standard Setting In Accounting Introduction The increased competiti ve which result due to increased technology contributing to a global village have encouraged financial analysts, regulators and lobbying groups to take significant interest in the market system. The accounting standards has created an ongoing debate as to whether accountants should regulate or set accounting standards or not. ... The policymakers believe that the government should regulate standards in order to protect investors against market risks. However, there exist non-regulatory approaches known as the free-market approaches, which determine the accounting information and regulation in order to meet the interest of the public. Thus, the study attempts to examine varied approaches to standard setting in accounting including the free market approach, regulator, as well, as illustrates the applications for such approaches. Literature Review Varied literatures have attempted to provide systematic and clear understandings of accounting standard setting in regard to financial accounting standard setting. There is an ongoing debate that market should work freely, but the government should intervene and create regulatory standards to protect investors from encountering risk in the market. Therefore, this part offers an analysis on the way the previous scholars have attempted to argue about by developing varied approaches to standard setting in accounting including the free market and regulatory approaches. However, there have been a considerable debate over the accounting standards and some issues have been raised including the politicization of accounting standard setting for the concerned parties involved (Horngren 2006, 51). The debate on the advantages and disadvantages of accounting regulation standards settings is a realism of accounting setting. Thus, Britton and Waterston (2006, p.71) proposed varied limitations and benefits of accounting standard settings whether regulatory or non-regulatory, hence these can be based on the restructuring the accounting standard setting process. The literature offers critical assessment of varied approaches by

Social Changes And Changes In Technology Since 1900 Essay

Social Changes And Changes In Technology Since 1900 - Essay Example Development of new transport forms during the early years of the twentieth century led to a significant change of social life. By 1900, horseless carriages had been introduced to the streets of popular cities (Crossley, Lees, & Servos, 2012, p, 15). These carriages were powered either by steam or by electrical power. By 1920s, automobiles were developed, and were common in the United States of America. They became common in Germany by 1960s, and in Japan; they became common in the 1970s (Crossley, Lees, & Servos, 2012, p, 15). This led to the rise of the world’s largest corporations, which supplied livelihoods to numerous workers. People had to spend significant potions of their time working in order to earn. Also, automobiles catalysed social change because they afforded the owners new mobility, new sites for courtship and new leisure pursuits (Crossley, Lees, & Servos, 2012, p, 15). As a result of transport and industrialisation, European settlers settled in third world countries, influencing the culture of the natives significantly. Therefore, the natives adopted the European culture and science, in the name modernisation of society. Scientific evolution led to departure from the old and traditional ways to new ways of life such as photography, radio and music. For instance, European faith was introduced to various parts of the world, where the Europeans had migrated to. It is the advancement in technology that led to development of transport, which enabled the Europeans to travel to various parts of the world. As they settled in these areas, they introduced their culture, forcing the natives to abandon their traditional social ways and adopt the new settlers’ culture. ... International trade resulted due to further development of various forms of transport. In turn, international trade, led to an increase in growth among countries and change in lifestyles. It also contributed to poverty and the rise of slums in key cities. As people were engaged in trading, they became concerned on how they would attain more wealth through trade. As a result, they departed from their former ways of social life, which required that those who were fortunate would help the needy. In their bid to attain success in trade, rich traders suppressed the poor, and as a result, the poor built slums within the major cities that had prospered due to trade. Urbanisation greatly influenced social change during the early years of the twentieth century. For instance, native whites contributed to a larger share of the urban working class that had migrated to the cities from depressed rural areas (Rabinowitz, 1994). In urban areas, people changed their ways of life. Most of them broke a way from rules and norms of traditionally expected behaviour, as they underwent social change. Urbanisation was the causal agent of rapid social change, poor urban living condition because of congestion and breakdown from social norms and increase of crime during the twentieth century (Martel, 2011, p, 13. Urbanisation, which was experienced in the twentieth century, in high rates, led to the emergence of new social issues such as child labour. People had to change their lifestyles and adapt to the new systems, where employment of minors and children was a common trend. Industrial and economic changes led to changes in modes of thought, which led to the development of new

Equality and debt case assignment 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Equality and debt case assignment 5 - Essay Example Debt financing has a fixed term for repayment. Like loans the terms can be either short or long and is normally raised from banks and small business administration (SBA). It has a fixed rate of interest payable. However equity financing is not repayable; the lender has a right over the business and can participate along with the board of directors, in the annual shareholder’s meeting, to have an active role in the decision making of the company. It is generally raised by family or friends, who are normally called ‘Angel investors’ (Samuels et al, 2000). Also financing can be got by venture capitalists, private equity firms and the investors are normally referred to as ‘Venture Capitalists’(Samuels et al, 2000). This form of financing does not have a fixed cost, but the cost varies based on the performance of the company. Also with newer investors becoming a part of the business makes the business more credible and gains higher attention from the lende rs network (Weston and Copeland, 1988). In debt financing there is a tendency of businesses to rely too much on the mode of financing, however if the company does not generate enough revenues to pay back the loans it could cause a lot of problems for the business like bad credit ratings and can even lead to closing down of the business. Also it makes the company unattractive to investors. If the company has a lot of loans investors would view and classify the company as ‘High Risk’ which would cause them not to make investments in the business (Samuels et al, 2000). The debt to equity ratio normally affects the cost of debt; hence if the ratio is high it would make it difficult for the business to obtain debt financing. Both the sources of financing require to be well balanced, and it is essential that the company carries out enough debt to balance the equity investment however care needs to be taken not to affect the chances of getting

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS - Essay Example In such instances, intervention of trade unions is vital in that it encourages procedures to be put in place so as to create necessary and balanced relationship; thus promoting mutual understanding between the parties. A win-win situation is built between the parties thereby enabling them to have mutual understanding and better progress. A trade union is comprised of employees who need to have their interests organized and represented not only in the workplace but also in the society. The union ensures proper regulation of the employment relationship through collective bargaining with the management. Here, employers and employees share powers in conducting employment relationship. The process of collective bargaining opens the room for negotiation between employers’ representatives and the union comprising of employees, in the aim of regulating employment where they reach an agreement which is, therefore, applied to employees equitably. This tool is mostly used by unions in pr otecting or improving their members’ interests. Therefore, involvement of collective bargaining and power sharing between the two parties has a considerable impact in that it improves the employment relationship and fosters organizational performance (Daniels, 2006: 43). The Trade Union and Labour Relations Act governs both permanent and casual workers who have a common interest in regulating their relationship with the employers. Functions of trade union are broad in terms of job regulation, power, social change, economic regulation, self fulfilment and member services. At times, some trade unions have affiliated with some representative bodies, for instance, the UK Trade Union Congress which depicts itself as the voice of all workers in Britain. It helps members to lobby the government concerning various issues, which include, union, economic and employment Unions have the mandate to challenge managerial rights by restricting employees from supplying labour to their employe rs through the organisation of industrial action (Stephen, 2007: 45). Unions have not only a face of monopolising labour supply to the management, but also a voice for their members. In their operation as a collective voice, they spot employees’ concerns and efficiently convey them to the employer. This enables the management to better treat the employees without having to incur transaction costs. It also impacts an individual employee by overcoming the incentive problem that would cost them by conveying their grievances to management in the absence of the union particularly when the benefit accrues to all workers, for example, public goods like safety and health. In such cases, the employees do not tackle the problems facing them; instead they let them foster and find it more convenient to quit their jobs and go in search for another one elsewhere (Rose, 2008: 38). Unions, therefore, are considered to offer a valuable service to both the management and the employees by colle cting all employees’ concerns and passing them on to the employer. This, in most cases, leads to faster and better decision making by the management, which solves employees’ requirements better than in the absence of the union. Effectiveness of a union is gauged by its capability of achieving set goals in serving members through workplace representation and

Geologic Hazards project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Geologic Hazards project - Research Paper Example The world at large has appreciated the enormous damages that earthquakes cause and responded positively by setting up disaster management teams which aid in an earthquake. Although the risk to earthquakes is higher in certain geographical regions than others, the fact that an earthquake has never occurred in a particular place is no guarantee that it would never occur. It is based on that premise that I opted to research on earthquakes with an aim of examining the causes, the effects, possible preventions and the responsibility of governments and the people at large (Fountain, 2012). At or below the surface of the earth within the crust which is the third layer of the earth, a sudden energy release occasions seismic waves which trigger the movement or tremor of the crust. It is this phenomenal activity that constitutes an earthquake. Two foremost origins are linked to earthquakes; tectonic forces associated with plate margins and faults and explosive volcanic activity. The theory of tectonic plates posits that the crust of the earth is composed of numerous plates which are large and float freely on the mantle. The free flow of the plates enables their movement drifting as independent layers towards, away and against each other. The drifting though gradual in nature triggers the earthquakes when the layers collide or slide against each other. This process can be explained by the Elastic rebound theory. Essentially, if one holds both sides of a twig and applies pressure on both ends, the pressure piles in the middle until when the elastic limit of the twig is exceeded then it snaps suddenly with a consequent release of energy. The energy traditionally causes the twig to vibrate (Simon, 2006). Similarly when the layers of the crust collide with each other, the pressure applied on the end of a particular layer forces is spread all over the plate(layer) and it succumbs by snapping at a particular point just like the twig snaps in the middle. The snapping is what

Real Estate Computing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Real Estate Computing - Essay Example Because real estate is so competitive, not having a solid plan in place to accomplish these things will set your business up for failure. There are many aspects involved with closing real estate transactions and a realtor must be able to rely on other professionals to work with them to accomplish their objective - which is to have smooth, successful closing. These professionals must know what they are doing, must be reliable as well as utilize ethical business practices. Working with the right professionals will help to ensure that your agency upholds a good reputation so that clients as well as other real estate professionals will want to do business with you. There are several methods that can be utilized to build your network of professionals and it will be advantageous for you to consider using a combination of the following examples: Your local board of realtors, the National Association of Realtors, your local chamber of commerce, online real estate forums such as ActiveRain.com, and networking organizations such as BNI or Leaders Business Network. These organizations will help you to identify the professionals that you are in search of and gain an assessment of their past performance which will allow you to seek out those with solid reputations. Establishing a loyal client base is the best way to ensure future business and "long term success". Really, it is the best way to avoid the ups and downs and the unpredictable nature of the Real Estate Industry (Stan, 2004). A detailed marketing campaign should be formulated, followed, and evaluated in order to accomplish this. This plan should include a variety of different methods that fit into your budget. Remember that real estate is a very competitive market, so your marketing efforts should be consistent and you should find a way that your agency can stand out in the crowd. This can be done by coming up with a catchy slogan or branding techniques. You really want people to know that you are sincere and that you care about their needs, in other words you are not just in this for the money. You will want to utilize a client data base program such as Outlook or Act and ensure that your data base is kept current and accurate. Your data base will be the lifeline of your business so you definitely want to make sure you back it up! The top methods for building your client base are: letting family and friends know what you are doing, target mailings to areas you may want to service, web sites, targeted Internet advertising, article marketing, opt-in email lists, print advertising and attend networking meetings. Building a solid client base takes time and you should not expect it to happen overnight. For example, you may need to do a mailing to a specific area for six months or more before you get any response. Networking is about building relationships, so don't expect to go to one networking or leads group meeting and walk out of there with a client - you need to show consistency and commitment. Remember, when you are developing your marketing plan you need to identify a way that you can stand out, be consistent,

Explain the Similarities and Differences in Cultures between the Research Paper

Explain the Similarities and Differences in Cultures between the United States and Egypt - Research Paper Example In both countries, social media as a form of communication has strengthened social relationships, given people a strong sense of belonging and identity, and strengthened cultures of these countries.1 Although both countries embrace social media, their degree of use varies. The United States is a highly developed country, with advanced technology; therefore, it has embraced social media more than Egypt, which ranks below it. The United States pioneers much of the global social changes today through social media.2 This revolutionizes other world cultures. Cultures of the U.S and Egypt also undergo gradual revolution due to the cross-cultural communication and interaction facilitated by use of social media by the people. Conclusively, basing on social media, the cultures of the United States and Egypt register more similarities. However, the technological advances of Egypt, which cannot compare the United States, makes Egypt register a smaller number of social media users. Nonetheless, social media use in both countries is a strong pillar responsible for revolution of their

Prostate Cancer in African American Men Essay Example for Free

Prostate Cancer in African American Men Essay Prostate Cancer is the gland below a mans bladder that produces fluid for semen. Prostate cancer is common among older men. Prostate cancer is a silent killer, and because it grows slowly, many men have no idea its there It is rare in men younger than forty. Risk factors for developing prostate cancer include being over sixty five years of age, family history, being African American, and some genetic changes. There is an estimated of 241,740 new cases and 28,170 deaths from prostate cancer in the United States in 2012 (National Cancer Institute, 2011). Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men, behind skin cancer, and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men especially in African American men. one out of six men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime. For example, if youre at home having a cookout with 11 of your friends, its likely that two of you at some point in your lives will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. and If youre an African-American man, those odds increase to nearly one in five. Prostate cancer affects African American men twice as often as Caucasian men; the mortality rate among African American is also twice as high. African American men have the highest rate of prostate cancer of any ethic group in the world. In the African American community men are at high risk due to low socioeconomic status, and not getting cancer screening because of no health insurance. With the increased amount of men being diagnosed each year it is shocking that many men still avoid visiting the doctor because it makes them uncomfortable and they are afraid of what the results will be even when some clinics give free prostate cancer screening. While prostate cancer screening test can have abnormal results even when cancer is not present, it is important for men to have prostate screening done.prostate cancer is usually detected through screening, and there are two methods for early detection. The prostate-specific antigen test (PSA) is used, but there are many factors that can inf luence the outcome of the PSA test. Medications such as antihistamines, physical exertion or recent ejaculation can raise a PSA level. Another test for early detection of prostate cancer has been the digital rectal exam (DRE). Although, DRE is a better method for early detection, it is also a hindrance among men, particularly African-American men, to screening and early detection According to American Cancer Society (ACS) and American Urological Association (AUA), the PSA and DRE should be offered annually for all men beginning at age 50. However, they also recommend that African-American men with a family history of prostate cancer should begin testing by age 45. Early intervention is the key to a 5 year survival rate. Prognosis of prostate cancer diagnosed at an early stage is noted as being optimistic. Despite these credible statistics, free prostate cancer screening and early detection remains a problem area for many health care practitioners when it comes to the African American population (Plowden 2009) Madeline Leininger’s Sunrise Model has been used in many studies over the past twenty years. Between 1999 and 2008, over 200 citations of articles were noted using Leininger Theory (McEwen, 2011). She postulated that nurses should attempt to increase knowledge related to the care of people who value their cultural heritage and way of life (McEwen, 2011). The Leininger Sunrise Model of cultural diversity is used to obtain compliance with prostate cancer screening among African-American men; the goal has been to build a relationship of cooperation between clients and health care workers. Educating the men as well as examining their fears and anxieties is useful in removing barriers of resistance and gaining trust, thus empowering the client (McEwen, 2011). The Health Belief Model (HBM) â€Å"postulates a person’s perception of disease threat and benefits of taking action will predetermine taking action† (Rivers, 2009). The HBM is used to determine the African American male understanding of prostate cancer and to identify factors that would motivate that populatio n to seek screening and treatment of prostate cancer. The HBM has been used to design intervention to educate as well as facilitate access to screening and treatment (Rivers, 2009). Leininger’s Theory of cultural care diversity is a middle range theory that is based upon the major concepts of culture, culture care and understanding the differences as well as the similarities to transcultural human care. Her other major concepts of transcultural care are, caring, and ethic views, the system of health care, the professional system of care and culturally congruent nursing care. (McEwen, 2011) The strength of Leininger Theory lies in the fact that it is a holistic theory seeking to cover both the diversity and universality of nursing care concepts. Caring aspects within and between cultures must include the acknowledgement of the similarities and differences. The theory has been widely used within the credibility and confirm ability of data gained from research (McGee, 1994). Because the Leininger Theory places emphasis on cultural s ensitivity and cultural congruence, it can be said that cultural knowledge will improve care. However, because the approach fails to take into account a political and structural inequality of minorities and focuses on differences and deficits, it can be construed that the culture itself is the problem. The possibility of reinforcing stereotypes and increasing the gap between provider and patient may actually make the care aspect less than culturally safe (Orià ¡, 2005). Leininger Theory can be used in a wide range of modalities when considering the problem of prostate screening. When examining the focus of this clinical problem i.e., how to get increased participation from a high risk group to prostate cancer screening, Plowden reached several conclusions that are applicable to today’s practice for advance nurse practitioners. For example, African-American men were more likely to seek screening and participate in the treatment process if 1.) There was a perceived susceptibility to prostate cancer and that threat was perceived as severe in life threatening or disabling . 2.) There were perceived benefits to the screening such as early detection and accurate diagnosis. 3.) There were no perceived barriers. 4.) Sufficient triggers need to exist to motivate behavior (Plowden, 2009). When applying these findings to advanced nurse practitioners’ practices, it can be said that men in the high risk groups must first be educated on the risks of prostate cancer. They need to understand the implications involved with failure to be screened. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are very important to the 5 year survival post diagnosis. Screening is essential to the quality of life for a person diagnosed with prostate cancer. For example, lifestyle changes would have to be made after a radical prostectomy versus a chemo radiation treatment of a localized slow growing tumor. When health care professionals can successfully manage to remove or go around barriers, whether real or perceived, the goal of seeking medical intervention is improved. Health care professionals can attempt to established sufficient triggers so that the behavior can be motivated to attain compliance to screening. The advanced nurse practitioner’s challenge will be to first establish trust and reputation as a caregiver who cares and is approachable; educate the population of the high risk group to the benefits of early detection versus late discovery; provide easy access to screening and the follow up phase of the intervention; and maintain confidentiality. Peer group discussions with professionals have shown to aid in getting better compliance (Plowden, 2009). The African-American males’ decision making process when considering prostate cancer screening is influenced greatly by cultural mores and beliefs. These cultural beliefs often lead to a lower rate of compliance to free screening versus all other races i.e. Caucasians, etc. Leisiniger’s cultural diversity theory can be used to effectively educate and increase compliance by teaching practitioners ways to overcome these cultural barriers. By following the concepts of care, caring, and understanding feelings of self, as well as the feelings of others, it is possible to overcome cultural barriers. Works Cited Cherath, Lata, et al. Prostate Cancer. The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Laurie J. Fundukian. 4th ed. Vol. 5. Detroit: Gale, 2011. 3578-3584. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Dec. 2012. LATEST RESEARCH: Faster Prostate Cancer Growth In Black Men?. Prostate Disorders (2011): 31. Health Source Consumer Edition. Web. 7 Dec. 2012 Prostate Cancer. National Cancer Institute. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2009 (Vintage 2009 Populations), National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, n.d. Web. 7 Dec. 2012. .